Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

Which medication class is used to relieve bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchi?

1. Diuretics

2. Inhaled corticosteroids

3. Bronchodilators

4. Mucolytics

The correct answer is: Bronchodilators

Bronchodilators are the medication class specifically designed to relieve bronchospasm by relaxing the smooth muscle in the bronchi. They work by targeting the beta-2 adrenergic receptors in the airways, leading to dilation of the bronchial passages and improvement of airflow. This action is particularly beneficial for conditions such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where narrowing of the airways due to bronchoconstriction can lead to difficulty breathing. Inhaled corticosteroids, while important in managing airway inflammation in chronic respiratory diseases, do not directly relax the smooth muscles and therefore do not provide immediate relief from bronchospasm. Mucolytics help thin and loosen mucus in the airways, enabling easier clearance but do not target bronchospasm specifically. Diuretics are primarily used to manage fluid retention and are not related to respiratory function. Thus, bronchodilators are uniquely positioned to address the acute symptoms of bronchospasm effectively.