Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

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Study for the Physical Therapy Assistant Exam. Sharpen your skills with flashcards and multiple choice questions, each with detailed hints and explanations. Prepare confidently for your exam!

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Which muscle acts to protract and upwardly rotate the scapula during flexion of the humerus?

Rhomboids
Serratus anterior
Middle trapezius
Subscapularis

The correct answer is: Serratus anterior

The serratus anterior is the correct choice because it plays a crucial role in the protraction and upward rotation of the scapula, particularly during movements that involve flexion of the humerus, such as lifting the arm forward. This muscle originates on the lateral aspect of the upper ribs and inserts along the medial border of the scapula, allowing it to pull the scapula forward against the thoracic wall while simultaneously assisting in upward rotation. In activities like reaching or lifting, the upward rotation of the scapula is essential for proper shoulder function, as it allows for the full range of motion and maintains the stability of the shoulder joint. The serratus anterior is innervated by the long thoracic nerve, and its activation helps keep the scapula against the rib cage, providing a solid base for the arm's movement without compromising the shoulder's mechanics. The other muscles mentioned do not primarily facilitate both protraction and upward rotation of the scapula during humeral flexion.