Physical Therapy Assistant Practice Exam

Which of the following conditions is characterized by swelling in the legs due to fluid accumulation?

1. Anemia

2. Cor pulmonale

3. Diaphoresis

4. Heart failure

The correct answer is: Heart failure

The condition characterized by swelling in the legs due to fluid accumulation is heart failure. In heart failure, the heart's ability to pump blood effectively is compromised, leading to a backup of blood in the veins. This can increase pressure in the venous system, causing fluid to seep into surrounding tissues, particularly in the lower extremities, which results in edema or swelling. Other options like anemia refer to a deficiency of red blood cells or hemoglobin, which does not typically cause localized swelling. Cor pulmonale relates to right heart failure often due to lung disease but does not directly describe generalized swelling in the legs due to fluid accumulation. Diaphoresis indicates excessive sweating and is not associated with fluid retention in the legs. Therefore, heart failure is the most appropriate condition that explains the swelling due to fluid accumulation in the legs.